{"id":114,"date":"2013-05-10T21:42:51","date_gmt":"2013-05-10T13:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/coderbee.net\/?p=114"},"modified":"2013-05-10T17:45:12","modified_gmt":"2013-05-10T09:45:12","slug":"linux%e8%b4%a6%e6%88%b7%e3%80%81%e7%bb%84%e3%80%81%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/linux\/20130510\/114","title":{"rendered":"linux\u8d26\u6237\u3001\u7ec4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u8d26\u6237\u4e0e\u7fa4\u7ec4<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aID\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005ID\uff08User ID\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0UID\uff09\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4ID\uff08Group ID\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0GID\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4f9d\u636eUID\u4ece<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u8d26\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u6839\u636eGID\u4ece<code>\/etc\/group<\/code>\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u7ec4\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u8d26\u6237\u540d\u548c\u7ec4\u540d\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8d26\u53f7\u6587\u4ef6<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p>\u6bcf\u884c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528<code>:<\/code>\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5171\u67097\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<code>\u8d26\u6237\u540d\u79f0:\u5bc6\u7801:UID:GID:\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf4\u660e:\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55:\u767b\u5f55shell<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>UID\u4e3a<code>0<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff1b<code>1 - 499<\/code>\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\uff1b<code>500 - 65535<\/code>\u662f\u53ef\u767b\u5165\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5<code>:<\/code>\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u67099\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>\u8d26\u6237\u540d\u79f0:\u5bc6\u7801:\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65e5\u671f:\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5929\u6570:\u5bc6\u7801\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u5929\u6570:\u5bc6\u7801\u9700\u8981\u53d8\u66f4\u671f\u9650\u524d\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570:\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u5bbd\u9650\u65f6\u95f4:\u8d26\u53f7\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f:\u4fdd\u7559<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>\u6700\u8fd1\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65e5\u671f<\/code>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0a\u6b21\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u671f\u662f\u4ee51970\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u4f5c\u4e3a1\u800c\u7d2f\u52a0\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5929\u52a01\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5929\u6570<\/code>\uff1a\uff08\u4e0e\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5728\u4e0a\u6b21\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u540e\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5929\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u88ab\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f0\u8868\u793a\u5bc6\u7801\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>\u5bc6\u7801\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u5929\u6570<\/code>\uff1a\uff08\u4e0e\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0a\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u5185\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>\u5bc6\u7801\u9700\u8981\u53d8\u66f4\u671f\u9650\u524d\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570<\/code>\uff1a\u5f53\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650\u5feb\u8981\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff08\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u8b66\u544a\u201d\u8a00\u8bba\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u5bbd\u9650\u65f6\u95f4<\/code>\uff1a\uff08\u4e0e\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65e5\u671f\u4e3a<code>\u66f4\u65b0\u65e5\u671f\uff08\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09<\/code>  +  <code>\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u66f4\u65e5\u671f\uff08\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09<\/code>\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671f\u9650\u540e\u7528\u6237\u4f9d\u65e7\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u90a3\u8be5\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u7b97\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u8d26\u6237\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u767b\u5165\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>\u8d26\u53f7\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f<\/code>\uff1a\u75281970\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u603b\u5929\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u5728\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u540e\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>root\u5bc6\u7801\u5fd8\u8bb0\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528LiveCD\u6302\u8f7d\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4fee\u6539<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\uff0c\u5c06root\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b57\u6bb5\u6e05\u7a7a\uff0c\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u540eroot\u5c06\u4e0d\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u767b\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6<code>\/etc\/group<\/code>\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p>\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u5192\u53f7<code>:<\/code>\u5206\u9694\uff1a<code>\u7ec4\u540d:\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801:GID:\u7fa4\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>\u7fa4\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0<\/code>\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u591a\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5206\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff08effective group\uff09\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff08initial group\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n<code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code>\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c4\u680fGID\u5c31\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<br \/>\n\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728<code>\/etc\/group<\/code>\u7684\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5199\u5165\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\u624d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>\u8d26\u6237\u4e0e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<h3>groups<\/h3>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>newgrp<\/h3>\n<p><code>newgrp  groupName<\/code>\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u91cc\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>useradd<\/h3>\n<p>\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-u  uid<\/code>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9auid\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-g  initGroup<\/code>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-G groups<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff08\u6709\u6548\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-d  homePath<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-s<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55shell\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f<code>\/bin\/bash<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-e  YYYY-MM-DD<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-f<\/code>\uff1ashadow\u7684\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u30020\u4e3a\u7acb\u5373\u5931\u6548\uff0c-1\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e0d\u5931\u6548\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\u53ea\u4f1a\u8fc7\u671f\u4e8e\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-r<\/code>\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-M<\/code>\uff1a<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>usermod<\/h3>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237 \u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>-a,  &#8211;append  \uff1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ec4\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u548c<code>-G<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-d,  &#8211;home     \uff1a\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4e0e<code>-m<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-e, &#8211;expiredate   \uff1a\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002  YYYY-MM-DD<\/li>\n<li>-g, &#8211;gid           \uff1a\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u767b\u5f55\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-G,  &#8211;groups    \uff1a\u7528\u6237\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ec4\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-l, &#8211;login     \uff1a\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-L, &#8211;lock      \uff1a\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u559d <code>-p<\/code>, <code>-U<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-U, &#8211;unlock  \uff1a\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u559d<code>-p<\/code>,  <code>-L<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-m, &#8211;move-home   \uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-p, &#8211;password       \uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7<code>passwd  user<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>-u, &#8211;uid         \uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u7684ID\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ec4\uff1a <code>usermod  -a  -G appgroup maintainer<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55shell\uff1a <code>usermod -s  \/bin\/bash maintainer<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>su<\/h3>\n<p>switch user\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5e26\u4e0a<code>-<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u7528\u6237\u540d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>passwd<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u8d26\u6237\uff1a<code>passwd  username<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-l<\/code>\uff1alock\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728<code>\/etc\/shadow<\/code>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u680f\u6700\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a<code>!<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-u<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0e<code>-l<\/code>\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0cunlock\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-S<\/code>\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-n<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0cshadow\u7684\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u591a\u4e45\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-x<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0cshadow\u7684\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u591a\u4e45\u5fc5\u987b\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-w<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0cshadow\u7684\u7b2c6\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u524d\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u5929\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-i<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u63a5\u65e5\u671f\uff0cshadow\u7684\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>chage<\/h3>\n<p>\u663e\u793a\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>chage  [-ldEimMW]  username<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-l<\/code>\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u8be5\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bc6\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-d<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539shadow\u7b2c3\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>YYYY-MM-DD<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-E<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539shadow\u7b2c8\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u8d26\u6237\u5931\u6548\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>YYYY-MM-DD<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-I<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u4fee\u6539shadow\u7b2c7\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u4fee\u6539shadow\u7b2c4\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u77ed\u4fdd\u7559\u5929\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-M<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u4fee\u6539shadow\u7b2c5\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\u591a\u4e45\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-W<\/code>\uff1a\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u5929\u6570\uff0c\u4fee\u6539shadow\u7b2c6\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u524d\u8b66\u544a\u65e5\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<code>chage  -d  0  username<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>userdel<\/h3>\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>userdel  [-r]  username<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>-r<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u540c\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u8d77\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>finger<\/h3>\n<p>\u6307\u7eb9\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-s<\/code>\uff1a\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u3001\u5168\u540d\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e0e\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code>\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u4e0e\u540e\u63a5\u8d26\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5229\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u5339\u914d\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u540d\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>chsh<\/h3>\n<p>change shell\u7684\u7b80\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>-s  shell<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684shell\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>id<\/h3>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u5173UID\u3001GID\u7b49\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>groupadd<\/h3>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-f,  --force<\/code>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6210\u529f\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-g,  --gid  GID<\/code>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9aGID\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-r,  --system<\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-o,  --non-unique<\/code>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u521b\u5efaGID\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>groupdel<\/h3>\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/h2>\n<p>\u6743\u9650\u7c7b\u578b\u67093\u79cd\uff1a\u8bfb\uff08r\uff09\u3001\u5199\uff08w\uff09\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff08w\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\uff1a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>r<\/code>\uff1a\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>w<\/code>\uff1a\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u4e0d\u542b\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>x<\/code>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u6743\u9650\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code>r<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u7528<code>ls<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>w<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u4e0d\u8bba\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\u4f55\uff09\u3001\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>x<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5426\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u80fd\u5426\u7528<code>cd<\/code>\u5230\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p><code>u<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5c5e\u4e3b\uff0c<code>g<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c<code>o<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c<code>a<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002<code>+<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\uff0c<code>-<\/code>\u9664\u53bb\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\uff0c<code>=<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<code>chmod  u=rwx,go=rx  filename<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/h4>\n<p><code>rwx<\/code>\u7528\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 4\u30012\u30011\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5982<code>7=4+2+1<\/code>\uff0c7\u8868\u793a\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a<code>chmod  755  filename<\/code>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684<code>755<\/code>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u8d4b\u4e88 \u5c5e\u4e3b\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f <code>rwxr-xr-x<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>chgrp<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>chgrp  [-R]  group  filename<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>-R<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5373\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u4e5f\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>chown<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<code>chown  [-R]  user  filename<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>-R<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5373\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>chmod<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<code>-R<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u8868\u793a\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a <code>chmod  u=rwx,go=rx  filename<\/code>\uff0c  <code>chmod   -R  755  dirname<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u7684\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7: <strong>coderbee\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u590d\u4f60\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"258\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/coderbee-note.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1707\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8d26\u6237\u4e0e\u7fa4\u7ec4 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aID\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005ID\uff08User ID\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0UID &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/linux\/20130510\/114\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[41,40,39],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114\/revisions\/117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}