{"id":1185,"date":"2015-04-06T16:52:03","date_gmt":"2015-04-06T08:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/coderbee.net\/?p=1185"},"modified":"2015-04-23T20:30:48","modified_gmt":"2015-04-23T12:30:48","slug":"%e3%80%8aoracle%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0-%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%e4%b8%8e-bitmap-%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/db\/20150406\/1185","title":{"rendered":"\u300aOracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u300b\u7b14\u8bb0 – \u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e bitmap \u7d22\u5f15"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u6280\u5de7\u53ca\u9ad8\u6df1\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5207\u5165\u53e3\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n

\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4ee5\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u627e\u5230\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u7528\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u8868\u7684\u5217\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5f53\u8868\u7684\u5217\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a primary key \u65f6\uff1b<\/li>\n
  2. \u5f53\u8868\u7684\u5217\u6709 unique constraint \u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u6709 foreign key \u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u7d22\u5f15\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u6700\u8fd1\u662f\u5426\u505a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/li>\n
    2. \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8fc7\u591a\u6216\u8fc7\u5c11\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \n

        \u5f53\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        null \u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c where \u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0 is null \u6216\u8005 is not null \u65f6\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5f53 where \u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6709 not function \u65f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 not in, not exist, column <> value, column > value, column2 < value<\/code> \u7b49\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5f53 select \u8bed\u53e5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 single-row function\u65f6\uff0c\u5982 nvl, to_char, lower \u7b49\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u901a\u914d\u7b26 % \u6216\u8005 _ \u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Bitmap \u7d22\u5f15<\/h3>\n

        bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u952e\u503c\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5217\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0cbitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5206\u522b\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8303\u56f4\u5927\u81f4\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u952e\u503c\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5b58\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb row id \u548c\u7ec8\u6b62 row id\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u503c\u662f 1 \u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b26\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u952e\u503c\uff0c\u662f 0 \u5219\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u8d77\u59cb\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684 row id \u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230 row id\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cbitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u548c B-Tree \u7d22\u5f15\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

        bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/h4>\n
          \n
        1. bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u6bd4 B \u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u8981\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a B \u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u975e\u7a7a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684 row id\uff0c\u800c bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u6bb5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5168\u90e8\u7684 row id\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          bitmap \u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u8868\u4e2d\u603b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n
          • \u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u7684\u952e\u503c\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u7684\u952e\u503c\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u8981\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u6279\u91cf\u6216\u5355\u6761 \u8bb0\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u76f8\u540c\u952e\u503c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u952e\u503c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u4e0a\u8f83\u4e3a\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0e\u524d\u4e09\u8005\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5bf9\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8981\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
            1. \n

              bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb
              \nB \u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            2. \n

              \u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7d22\u5f15
              \n\u53ea\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u624d\u4f1a\u5229\u7528 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            3. \n

              bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u5b58\u50a8 NULL \u503c
              \n\u5bf9 NULL \u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8 NULL \u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u603b\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e3b\u952e\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c select count(*)<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u901a\u8fc7 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55
                \nbitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bb0\u5f55\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5373 select count(*) \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 row id \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\uff0cOracle \u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d77\u59cb row id \u548c \u7ec8\u6b62 row id\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d22\u5f15\u952e\u503c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff08row id\uff09\u3002\u800c select count(*)<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cOracle \u901a\u8fc7\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5b9e\u9645 row id \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u5f53 where \u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u591a\u4e2a\u9650\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0cbitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9664\u4e86 bitmap joib \u7d22\u5f15\u5916\uff0cbitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0cOracle \u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 bitmap and \u548c bitmap or \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u524d\u5c31\u628a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b63\u662f bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u6279\u91cf DML \u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7d22\u5f15\u4e00\u6b21
                  \nbitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u7ef4\u62a4 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u6240\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e DML \u8bed\u53e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e DML \u8bed\u53e5\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u7531\u4e8e bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u539f\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9501\u673a\u5236
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                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86 bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u9501\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7c92\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a bitmap \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

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