{"id":121,"date":"2013-05-14T19:28:05","date_gmt":"2013-05-14T11:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/coderbee.net\/?p=121"},"modified":"2013-05-14T20:08:01","modified_gmt":"2013-05-14T12:08:01","slug":"iptables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/linux\/20130514\/121","title":{"rendered":"iptables"},"content":{"rendered":"

iptables\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u662fNetfilter\u3002<\/p>\n

Netfilter<\/h3>\n

\u5728Linux\u5185\u6838\u8bbe\u7acb\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff08hook\uff09\uff0c\u4f9b\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u6ce8\u518c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u53ef\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u7684\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u6216\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cNetfilter\u4fbf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u5177iptables\uff0c\u5229\u7528iptables\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

ubuntu\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u95ediptables\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u9664\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6e05\u9664\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5904\u7f6e\u90fd\u662fACCEPT\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u8fde\u4e0d\u4e0a\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

iptables<\/h2>\n

iptables\u5185\u7f6e\u67093\u4e2a\u8868\uff08table\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662ffilter\u3001nat\u3001mangle\u3002\u5404\u8868\u5185\u7f6e\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u94fe\uff08chain\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\uff0ciptables\u4f9d\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u770b\u62a5\u6587\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u62a5\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u540e\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

filter\u8868<\/h3>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5305\uff0c\u662fiptables\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u3002filter\u8868\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u94fe\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n\u94fe                 \u8bf4\u660e\nINPUT            \u8fc7\u6ee4\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u662f\u672c\u673a\u7684\u5305\nFORWARD     \u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\nOUTPUT         \u8fc7\u6ee4\u672c\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5305\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
nat\u8868<\/h3>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5305\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3002nat\u8868\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u94fe\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n\u94fe                        \u8bf4\u660e\nPREROUTING         \u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6539\u5199\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\nOUTPUT                \u6539\u5199\u672c\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\nPOSTROUTING      \u5305\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u4e3b\u673a\u524d\uff0c\u6539\u5199\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
mangle\u8868<\/h3>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u5305\u7684\u8868\u5934\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u6539\u53d8MARK\u3001TOS\u548cTTL\u7b49\u3002\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u94fe\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n\u94fe                        \u8bf4\u660e\nPREROUTING         \u8fdb\u5165\u9632\u706b\u5899\u540e\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5224\u65ad\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\nINPUT                   \u5305\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5224\u65ad\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u673a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\nOUTPUT                \u672c\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u5305\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\nFORWARD             \u8def\u7531\u5224\u65ad\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\nPOSTROUTING      \u8def\u7531\u5224\u65ad\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
iptables\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
iptables\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u75313\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1aiptables\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5bf9\u5305\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u79f0\u4e3atarget\uff09\u3002
\n\"iptables\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ec4\u6210\"<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u94fe \u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5199\uff0c\u8868\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5199\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u5199<\/strong><\/p>\n
iptables\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • -A<\/code>\uff1a\u5411\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -T<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662ffilter\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -D<\/code>\uff1a\u4ece\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 iptables -D INPUT 3<\/code>\uff08\u6309\u53f7\u7801\u5339\u914d\uff09\u5c06\u5220\u9664 filter \u8868 INPUT \u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff09 <\/li>\n
  • -R<\/code>\uff1a\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 iptables -R INPUT 9 -j ACCEPT<\/code>  \u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a 9 \u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5185\u5bb9\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c-j ACCEPT\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -I<\/code>\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u9996\u90e8\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -F<\/code>\uff1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u6240\u9009\u7684\u94fe\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -P<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u67d0\u4e2a\u94fe\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982iptables -P INPUT DROP<\/code>\u5c06filter\u8868\u7684INPUT\u94fe\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u4e3aDROP\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -N<\/code>\uff1a\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -X<\/code>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -p<\/code>\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662ftcp,  udp,  icmp<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -s<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -d<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -i<\/code>\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -o<\/code>\uff1a\u6d41\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -j<\/code>\uff1a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fACCEPT,  DROP,  SNAT,  DNAT,  MASQUERADE<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -sport  port<\/code>\uff1a\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -dport  port<\/code>\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u4e00\u8d77\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • --tcp-flags<\/code>\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bd4TCP\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\uff1aSYN\uff08\u540c\u6b65\uff09\u3001ACK\uff08\u5e94\u7b54\uff09\u3001FIN\uff08\u7ed3\u675f\uff09\u3001RST\uff08\u91cd\u8bbe\uff09\u3001URG\uff08\u7d27\u6025\uff09\u3001PSH\uff08\u5f3a\u8feb\u63a8\u9001\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ALL\u3001NONE\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aiptables -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN,ACK SYN<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
  • --icmp-type<\/code>\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bd4ICMP\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5982\uff1aiptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -m limit  --limit<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u67d0\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5305\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6d41\u91cf\u3002iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 3\/sec<\/code>\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6bcf\u79d2\u5e73\u5747\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b213\u4e2a\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n
  • -m state  --state<\/code>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u5982iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT<\/code>\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0cREJECT<\/code>\uff08\u62d2\u7edd\uff09\u76ee\u6807\u548c DROP<\/code>\uff08\u653e\u5f03\uff09\u76ee\u6807\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002REJECT<\/code> \u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u76ee\u6807\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4f01\u56fe\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a connection refused<\/code> \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002DROP<\/code> \u4f1a\u653e\u5f03\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9 telnet \u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
    \u673a\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u540e\uff0ciptables\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002iptables-save<\/code>\u548ciptables-restore<\/code>\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u6062\u590d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/network\/interfaces\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a02\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \npre-up    iptables-restore  <   \/etc\/iptables.up.rules\npost-down   iptables-save  >  \/etc\/iptables.up.rules\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
    iptables -L -n -v<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002-L<\/code>\u5217\u51fa\u89c4\u5219\uff0c-v<\/code>\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c-n<\/code>\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793aIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528DNS\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n
    iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
    iptables  -A  INPUT  -p  tcp  -i  eth0  --dport  ssh  -j  ACCEPT<\/code>\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a22\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n
    iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT<\/code>\uff1a\u5f00\u542f80\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
    iptables -I INPUT -s 172.16.0.201 -j DROP<\/code>\uff1a\u5c4f\u853d\u6307\u5b9aIP\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
    iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 172.16.0.201\/24 -j DROP<\/code>\uff1a\u5c4f\u853d\u6307\u5b9aIP\u6bb5\uff08 172.16.0<\/code> \uff09\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
    iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 172.16.0.201\/24 -j DROP<\/code>\uff1a\u89e3\u9664\u5c4f\u853d\u3002<\/p>\n
    -A FORWARD -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m limit --limit 1\/sec -j ACCEPT<\/code>\uff1a \u5c4f\u853d SYN_RECV \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
    -A FORWARD -f -m limit --limit 100\/sec --limit-burst 100 -j ACCEPT<\/code>\uff1a \u9650\u5236IP\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8100\u4e2a\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62DoS\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n
    -A FORWARD -p icmp -m limit --limit 1\/sec --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT<\/code>\uff1a  \u9650\u5236ping\u5305\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c10\u4e2a\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n
    -A FORWARD -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -m limit --limit 1\/sec -j ACCEPT<\/code>\uff1a \u9650\u5236ICMP\u5305\u56de\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n
    \u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u7684\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7: coderbee\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u590d\u4f60\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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