{"id":410,"date":"2013-08-15T17:04:05","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T09:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/coderbee.net\/?p=410"},"modified":"2013-08-15T17:04:05","modified_gmt":"2013-08-15T09:04:05","slug":"%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e8%b7%9f%e8%b8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/linux\/20130815\/410","title":{"rendered":"\u8def\u7531\u8ddf\u8e2a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>traceroute<\/h2>\n<p>\u6253\u5370\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5305\u3002\u5229\u7528\u4e86IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\uff08time to live, TTL\uff09\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f15\u8d77\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\u7684 ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED \u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Traceroute\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff08\u6765\u81ea\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/peida\/archive\/2013\/03\/07\/2947326.html\">http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/peida\/archive\/2013\/03\/07\/2947326.html<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<pre>\nTraceroute\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\uff1atraceroute hostname\nTraceroute \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u5229\u7528ICMP\u53caIP header\u7684TTL\uff08Time To Live\uff09\u680f\u4f4d\uff08field\uff09\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0ctraceroute\u9001\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aTTL\u662f1 \u7684IP datagram\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u4e3a3\u4e2a40\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5305\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6807\u7b7e\uff09\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u5f53\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668 \uff08router\uff09\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2adatagram\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06TTL\u51cf1\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0cTTL\u53d8\u4e3a0\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u6b64datagram\u4e22\u6389\uff0c\u5e76\u9001\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a \u300cICMP time exceeded\u300d\u6d88\u606f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u53d1IP\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff0cIP\u5305\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0ctraceroute \u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c \u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\uff0c\u63a5\u7740traceroute \u518d\u9001\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aTTL\u662f2 \u7684datagram\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7b2c2 \u4e2a\u8def\u7531 \u5668...... traceroute \u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u9001\u51fa\u7684datagram\u7684TTL \u52a01\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a datagram \u62b5\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5f53datagram\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9001\u56deICMP time exceeded\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5df2\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 traceroute\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u77e5\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\nTraceroute \u5728\u9001\u51faUDP datagrams\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u9001\u8fbe\u7684port number \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u7684\u53f7\u7801\uff0830000 \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u6b64 UDP datagram \u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u540e\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u4f1a\u9001\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u300cICMP port unreachable\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u5f53traceroute \u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88 \u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5traceroute \u5728Server\u7aef\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684Daemon \u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\nTraceroute\u63d0\u53d6\u53d1 ICMP TTL\u5230\u671f\u6d88\u606f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u4f5c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21 \uff0cTraceroute\u90fd\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u636e,\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u57df\u540d\u53ca IP\u5730\u5740,\u4e09\u4e2a\u5305\u6bcf\u6b21\u6765\u56de\u6240\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n     <\/pre>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6574\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\ntraceroute [-46dFITUnreAV] [-f first_ttl] [-g gate,...]\n        [-i device] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr]\n        [-q nqueries] [-N squeries] [-t tos]\n        [-l flow_label] [-w waittime] [-z sendwait]\n        [-UL] [-P proto] [--sport=port] [-M method] [-O mod_options]\n        [--mtu] [--back]\n        host [packet_len]\ntraceroute6  [options]\ntcptraceroute  [options]\nlft  [options]\n<\/pre>\n<p><code>traceroute6<\/code> \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e <code>traceroute  -6<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>tcptraceroute<\/code> \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e <code>traceroute  -T<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>lft<\/code>\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42traceroute\uff0c\u6267\u884ctcptraceroute\uff0c\u50cf <code>traceroute -T<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u517c\u5bb9\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-4\uff0c  -6<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u6216IPv6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-I<\/code>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528ICMP ECHO\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-T<\/code>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528TCP SYN\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-F<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u5206\u5e27\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-f  first_ttl<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aTTL\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-i interface<\/code>\uff1a\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-m  max_ttl<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9aTTL\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f30\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-N  squeries<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f16\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-n<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-w  waittime<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b49\u5f85\u63a2\u6d4b\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u79d2\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f5s\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-q  nqueries<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2ahop\uff08\u8def\u7531\u8df3\uff09\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-s  source_addr<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u7684\u6765\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-r<\/code>\uff1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>--mtu<\/code>\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\u5927\u5c0f\uff08MTU\uff09<\/li>\n<li><code>--back<\/code>\uff1a\u6253\u5370\u8fd4\u56de\u8def\u5f84\u7684hop\uff08\u8def\u7531\u8df3\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8ddf\u53bb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6211\u7684VPS\u7684\u8def\u7531\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>\n# traceroute -n coderbee.net\ntraceroute to coderbee.net (198.56.238.193), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets\n1  192.168.203.1 (192.168.203.1)  0.611 ms   0.574 ms   0.660 ms\n2  120.197.59.129 (120.197.59.129)  3.492 ms * *\n3  120.196.2.125 (120.196.2.125)  2.370 ms 120.196.2.37 (120.196.2.37)  2.883 ms *\n4  120.196.0.233 (120.196.0.233)  60.483 ms   59.496 ms   55.585 ms\n5  221.176.19.65 (221.176.19.65)  5.720 ms 221.176.19.81 (221.176.19.81)  3.383 ms *\n6  221.176.24.10 (221.176.24.10)  2.647 ms * *\n7  221.176.24.234 (221.176.24.234)  4.219 ms * 221.176.24.238 (221.176.24.238)  6.507 ms\n8  223.118.10.2 (223.118.10.2)  6.271 ms 211.136.1.101 (211.136.1.101)  6.819 ms 223.118.10.22 (223.118.10.22)  6.259 ms\n9  211.136.1.113 (211.136.1.113)  115.302 ms 223.118.2.126 (223.118.2.126)  179.434 ms 223.118.2.50 (223.118.2.50)  178.581 ms\n10  * 206.223.143.122 (206.223.143.122)  184.423 ms *\n11  * 64.71.153.34 (64.71.153.34)  181.901 ms 72.52.92.122 (72.52.92.122)  186.133 ms\n12  199.48.68.42 (199.48.68.42)  185.233 ms * *\n13  * 192.157.207.68 (192.157.207.68)  180.258 ms *\n14  198.56.238.193 (198.56.238.193)  184.608 ms * *\n<\/pre>\n<h2>tracert<\/h2>\n<p>tracert \u662fwindows\u4e0b\u7684traceroute\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a <code>tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>\u9009\u9879\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-d<\/code>\uff1a\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-h  maximum_hops<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8def\u7531\u8df3\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-j  host-list<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a Tracert \u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-w  timeout<\/code>\uff1a\u7b49\u5f85\u63a2\u6d4b\u5305\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6beb\u79d2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>target_name<\/code>\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6216 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6211\u7684VPS\u7684\u8def\u7531\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&lt;<\/p>\n<p>pre><br \/>\nC:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator>tracert coderbee.net<\/p>\n<p>Tracing route to coderbee.net [198.56.238.193]<br \/>\nover a maximum of 30 hops:<\/p>\n<p>1    &lt;1 ms    &lt;1 ms    &lt;1 ms  192.168.203.1<br \/>\n  2     5 ms     *        5 ms  120.197.59.129<br \/>\n  3     2 ms     *        3 ms  120.196.2.125<br \/>\n  4     2 ms     *       51 ms  120.196.0.233<br \/>\n  5     6 ms     2 ms     5 ms  221.176.22.201<br \/>\n  6    17 ms     *        3 ms  221.176.18.114<br \/>\n  7     *        4 ms     5 ms  221.176.24.150<br \/>\n  8     9 ms     *        9 ms  211.136.1.97<br \/>\n  9   178 ms   185 ms   187 ms  223.118.2.34<br \/>\n10   185 ms     *        *     he.net.coresite.com [206.223.143.122]<br \/>\n11   184 ms   190 ms   279 ms  64.71.153.34<br \/>\n12   183 ms     *        *     dc03r01bg02.scalabledns.com [199.48.68.42]<br \/>\n13   187 ms   183 ms   192 ms  dc03r01bg02.scalabledns.com [199.48.68.42]<br \/>\n14     *      185 ms   189 ms  198.56.238.193<\/p>\n<p>Trace complete.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u7684\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7: <strong>coderbee\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u590d\u4f60\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"258\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/coderbee-note.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1707\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>traceroute \u6253\u5370\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5305\u3002\u5229\u7528\u4e86IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\uff08 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/linux\/20130815\/410\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[29,81],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":411,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions\/411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}