{"id":834,"date":"2014-03-09T16:50:32","date_gmt":"2014-03-09T08:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/coderbee.net\/?p=834"},"modified":"2014-05-03T23:05:05","modified_gmt":"2014-05-03T15:05:05","slug":"tcpip-%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3-%e7%ac%ac3%e7%ab%a0-ip%ef%bc%9a%e7%bd%91%e9%99%85%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/basis\/20140309\/834","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u8be6\u89e3 \u7b2c3\u7ae0 IP\uff1a\u7f51\u9645\u534f\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>IP\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684TCP\u3001UDP\u3001ICMP\u4ee5\u53caIGMP\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4ee5IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002IP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4f20\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff08unreliable\uff09\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002IP\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u4e0a\u5c42\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\uff08connectionless\uff09\u662f\u6307IP\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ef4\u62a4\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6309\u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3>IP\u9996\u90e8<\/h3>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u7684IP\u9996\u90e8\u957f\u4e3a20\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u542b\u6709\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/IP-header.png\" alt=\"IP\u5934\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5728\u5de6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a0 bit\uff1b\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5728\u53f3\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a31 bit\u30024\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u768432 bit\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f 0 &#8211; 7 bit\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f 8 &#8211; 15 bit\u300116 &#8211; 23 bit\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f24 &#8211; 31 bit\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u8f93\u6b21\u5e8f\u79f0\u4f5c big endian \u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u662f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64IP\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5cIPv4\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u662fIPv6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9996\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\u6307\u9996\u90e8\u536032 bit\u5b57\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u3002\u9996\u90e8\u6700\u957f\u4e3a60\uff08<code>(2^4 - 1) * 4<\/code>\uff09\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\uff08TOS\uff09\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a3bit\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u73b0\u5df2\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff09\uff0c4 bit\u7684TOS\u5b50\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c 1 bit\u672a\u7528\u4f4d\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u7f6e 0\u30024 bit\u7684TOS\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u6700\u5927\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u8d39\u7528\u30024 bit\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u7f6e\u5176\u4e2d 1 bit\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709 4 bit\u5747\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\u7684TOS\u503c\uff1a<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/ip-header-tos.png\" alt=\"IP\u5934\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\" \/><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u6307\u6574\u4e2aIP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5229\u7528\u9996\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u957f16bit\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6700\u957f\u53ef\u8fbe 65535\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u88ab\u5206\u7247\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u53d8\u5316\u3002<em>\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u6bb5\u662fIP\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\uff08\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff09\u9700\u8981\u586b\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5b9e\u9645\u6709\u6548\u6570\u636e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6807\u8bc6\u5b57\u6bb5\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6bcf\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u6587\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0 1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>TTL\uff08time-to-live\uff09\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u591a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u3002TTL\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7531\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u51cf 1\uff0c\u5f53\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5c31\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u9001ICMP\u62a5\u6587\u901a\u77e5\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u534f\u8bae\u5b57\u6bb5\u88abIP\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7528\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5411IP\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9996\u90e8\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u6839\u636eIP\u9996\u90e8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5bf9\u9996\u90e8\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002ICMP\u3001IGMP\u3001UDP\u548cTCP\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u5747\u542b\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u8986\u76d6\u9996\u90e8\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684IP\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u628a\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a16 bit\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53cd\u7801\u6c42\u548c\uff08\u6574\u4e2a\u9996\u90e8\u770b\u6210\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e32 16bit\u7684\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4efdIP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a 16 bit\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53cd\u7801\u7684\u6c42\u548c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9996\u90e8\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u9519\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u5168 1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168 1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48IP\u5c31\u4e22\u5f03\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u751f\u6210\u5dee\u9519\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u5c42\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<br \/>\n    \u7531\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ea\u4fee\u6539TTL\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u51cf1\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u6587\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5b83\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9IP\u6574\u4e2a\u9996\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<br \/>\n  <br \/>\n     \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53cd\u7801\u6c42\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a0\u548c0\u76f8\u52a0\u662f0\uff0c0\u548c1\u76f8\u52a0\u662f1\uff0c1\u548c1\u76f8\u52a0\u662f0\u4f46\u8981\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u4f4d1\uff0c\u52a0\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u82e5\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u76f8\u52a0\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8981\u52a01\u3002<br \/>\n     \u57fa\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u91cc\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPv4_header_checksum\">IPv4_header_checksum<\/a>\u7684\u8bf4\u660e \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre>\npublic class IPv4HeaderChecksum {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        \/\/  \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684IP\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\uff0c0x0000 \u662f\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7684\u5360\u4f4d\n        int[] sendHeader = new int[] { 0x4500, 0x0073, 0x0000, 0x4000, 0x4011,\n            0x0000, 0xc0a8, 0x0001, 0xc0a8, 0x00c7 };\n        int sum = checksum(sendHeader);\n\n        \/\/  \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5934\u90e8\n        int[] receiveHeader = new int[] { 0x4500, 0x0073, 0x0000, 0x4000,\n            0x4011, sum, 0xc0a8, 0x0001, 0xc0a8, 0x00c7 };\n        boolean isOk = verifyChecksum(receiveHeader);\n\n        System.out.println(isOk);\n    }\n\n    public static int checksum(int[] header) {\n        int sum = 0;\n        for (int i : header) {\n            sum += i;\n        }\n        sum = (sum >>> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);\n        sum = (~sum) & 0xffff;\n        return sum;\n    }\n\n    public static boolean verifyChecksum(int[] header) {\n        int sum = 0;\n        for (int i : header) {\n            sum += i;\n        }\n        sum = (sum >>> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);\n\n        return sum == 0xffff;\n    }\n}\n<\/pre>\n<blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4efdIP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u9009\u9879\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9650\u5236\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff08\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u5b83\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u6e90\u7ad9\u9009\u8def\uff08\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u5e8f\u5217\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6e90\u7ad9\u9009\u8def\uff08\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u5e8f\u5217\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u9009\u9879\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u3002\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4ee532bit\u4f5c\u4e3a\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u63d2\u5165\u503c\u4e3a 0 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router\uff09\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edcIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6307\u660e\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6307\u660e\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>IP\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u9010\u8df3\u5730\uff08hop-by-hop\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002IP\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5230\u8fbe\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684IP\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4f20\u8f93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ad9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5b83\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ad9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6bd4\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ad9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0e\u8be5\u4e3b\u673a\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>IP\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u76ee\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u90fd\u8981\u5339\u914d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8be5\u8868\u76ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6807\u5fd7\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8be5\u8868\u76ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6807\u5fd7\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u76ee\u6765\u5904\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5339\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u6807\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff08default\uff09\u201d\u7684\u8868\u76ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u628a\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8be5\u8868\u76ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4f20\u9001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6765\u81ea\u672c\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u5411\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6574\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6015\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u624d\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684ICMP\u95f4\u63a5\u62a5\u6587\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\uff09\u662fIP\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fIP\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7f29\u5c0f\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5b50\u7f51\u5bfb\u5740<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b50\u7f51\u5bfb\u5740\u4e0d\u518d\u628aIP\u5730\u5740\u770b\u51fa\u7531\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u518d\u5206\u5c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662fA\u7c7b\u548cB\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u5206\u522b\u4e3a <code>2^32-2<\/code>\u548c <code>2^16-2<\/code>\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u51680\u6216\u51681\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/subnet.png\" alt=\"\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u7f51\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6765\u8bf4\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u7f29\u51cf\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u5bfc\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4e3b\u673a\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u591a\u5c11\u6bd4\u7279\u7528\u4e8e\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\u53ca\u591a\u5c11\u6bd4\u7279\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a32bit\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u4e3a1\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u7559\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\uff0c\u4e3a0\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u7559\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/subnet-mask.png\" alt=\"\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\" \/><\/p>\n<p>IP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u822c\u4ee5\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u754c\u9650\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u63a9\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed9\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9aIP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a1\uff09\u3001\u672c\u5b50\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff1b2\uff09\u3001\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff1b3\uff09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u672c\u673a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4e3aA\u7c7b\u3001B\u7c7b\u6216C\u7c7b\u5730\u5740\uff08\u4eceIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u77e5\u9053\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/subnet-mask-detail.png\" alt=\"\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/special-ip.png\" alt=\"\u7279\u6b8aip\u5730\u5740\" \/><br \/>\n\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c0\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u5168\u4e3a0\uff1b-1\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u5168\u4e3a1\uff1bnetid\u3001subnetid\u548chostid\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u4e3a\u51680\u6216\u51681\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\u680f\u4e3a\u7a7a\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u7684\u5934\u4e24\u9879\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528BOOTP\u534f\u8bae\u786e\u5b9a\u672c\u673aIP\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b\u4e2d\u95f4\u9879\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u73af\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u56db\u9879\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u6b22\u8fce\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u7684\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7: <strong>coderbee\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u590d\u4f60\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"258\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/coderbee-note.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1707\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IP\u662fTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684TCP\u3001UDP\u3001ICMP\u4ee5\u53caIG &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/basis\/20140309\/834\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[153],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=834"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":913,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/834\/revisions\/913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coderbee.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}